CHAPTER-2

NATIONALIST MOVEMENT IN INDO-CHINA

SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS (3 MARKS)

1. What are the economic barriers to Vietnam identified by Paul Bernard? [Board-2012]

Ans. High population in Vietnam

 - Low agricultural productivity

-Extensive indebtedness among Peasants

-Lack of industries.

2. Why there aroused difference over the medium of instruction in the school during the French reign?

in Vietnam?

Ans. Some policy makers emphasized the need for French language as the medium of instruction

-By learning French the Vietnamese would familiarize the western culture

\ –Asiatic France Loyal to French Govt.

-The others suggested for Vietnamese to be taught in lower classes and the French can

 be taught in higher classes-Continue their ties with China.

3. How was the school text books reflected in Vietnam during the French Rule?

Ans. The text books glorified French and colonial rule

-The Vietnamese were treated as primitive and backward

-They are manual labourers and skilled copyists but not creative.

4. What was the role of women in the Anti-Imperial Struggle in Vietnam?

Ans. They worked as potters, carried 25kgs of food and war material on their back.

-They helped the wounded, dug tunnels to save the army

-They neutralized tens of thousands of bombs and short down many enemy planes

-They kept open many strategic roads and guarded key points.

5. What were the causes of defeat of French forces in the battle of Dien Bien Phu?

Ans. - The valley where the French garrisons were located was flooded in the monsoons which made it impossible for the French forces and tanks to move

-The whole area was covered with bushes and jungles making it difficult for the French air force to trace anti-aircraft guns hidden in bushes and the

Jungles.

6. Why did the French think that colonies were necessary? Explain. [Board-2012]

- Natural resources

-  Advanced mission brought to colonies

- Increase the cultivation for trade

                                 LONG ANSWERS TYPE QUESTIONS (5 MARKS)

1. The battle against French colonial education became part of the larger battle colonization and for Independence. Explain

Ans.-Teachers and students should not follow the curriculum of French Govt

-Students fought the colonial efforts to prevent Vietnamese getting white collar job

-They fought with patriotic feeling

-Students formed political associations

- There were protests from different schools.

2. What were the causes of US involvement in war in Vietnam?

Ans. Foremost was the fear of spread of communism in Vietnam

-US regarded the spread of communism as a great danger to the capitalist countries

-The next cause was US entry in Vietnam was an insult that France had to face in Vietnam

-US wanted to crush Vietnam at all cost to save the prestige of the capitalist countries

-The Geneva conference had divided Vietnam into 2 parts North and South Vietnam

-When Ho Chi Minh government in North Vietnam and National Liberation

Front in South Vietnam tried to unify the two parts, in violation of Geneva conference, US could not tolerate this and hence, she decided to intervene in Vietnam.

3. Explain the role of religious groups in the resistance movement against French Colonialism.

Ans. Vietnam was the Centre of many religions like Buddhism, Confucianism and local practice

-The French Missionaries very often destroyed the religious beliefs of Vietnamese

-Many religious movements started by Vietnamese

-The Scholars revolts of 1868 organized by some officials to fight against Christianity

-Thousands of Catholics were killed

- Hoa-Hao Movement was very popular movement in Mekong Delta which roused anti-colonial feeling.

4. Briefly explain the communist movements in Vietnam.

Ans. In Vietnam communist movement was started under Ho Chi Minh-He founded the Vietnam

Communist party, Vietminh

-The communist waged a series of struggles against USA and France

-During World War II when Japan attacked Vietnam the communist party of Vietnam bravely fought against both Japan and France and captured Hanoi

- The North Vietnam Republic was established by Vietminh there after

-Though French retained its control in south through Bao Dai was also defeated by the communists

-In 1954, as per general agreement the Vietnam was renamed as north and south separately under Vietnamese and French respectively

-But Ho Chi Minh along with NLF fought for an undivided Vietnam-With the intension of checking the growth of communism, later USA intervened in Vietnam-After defeating US, Vietnam was united under communist rule.

5. What was Phan Chu Trinh’s objective for Vietnam? How were his ideas different from those of

Phan Boi Chau?

 Ans. Phan Chu Trinh was a Vietnamese nationalist.

He sought to end France’s brutal occupation of Vietnam

- He was intensely hostile to the monarchy and opposed to the idea of resisting the French with the help of the court

-He was influenced by democratic ideas of the west.

 Phan Boi Chau was greatly influenced by Confucian ideas.

His plan was to use the monarchy and the court to drive out the French.

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